The journal's mission is to support interdisciplinary research between natural and human sciences, analyze the influence of scientific progress on human development, and encourage academic discourse on contemporary scientific and philosophical issues.
ЛИНГВОКУЛЬТУРОЛОГИЧЕСКИЙ ПОТЕНЦИАЛ СЛОВАРЕЙ УСТАРЕВШЕЙ ЛЕКСИКИ
Статья посвящена анализу изменения семантики слов во времени и его влияния на восприятие художественных текстов. В центре внимания находится устаревшая лексика — архаизмы и историзмы — как важный компонент языкового и культурного наследия. На примерах из русской классической литературы показано, что утрата или искажение первоначальных значений слов затрудняет понимание текста и может приводить к неверной интерпретации авторского замысла.
историческая семантика, устаревшая лексика, архаизмы, историзмы, русская классическая литература
Copyright (c) 2026 https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
O‘ZBEK TAQINCHOQLARI NOMLARINING XREMATONIMIK VA LINGVOKULTUROLOGIK TAHLILI
Ushbu maqolada o`zbek milliy zargarlik buyumlarining nomlari, ularning afsonaviy-semantik ma'nolari va talqinlari, tematik-leksik toifalari va foydalanish xususiyatlari o'rganilgan. Til va madaniyat chorrahasida zargarlik san'ati bilan bog'liq tarixiy, afsonaviy va ramziy lingvokultural birliklarning ichki mohiyatini, madaniy semantikasini va pragmatik ahamiyatini ochishga harakat qilingan.
xrematonim, lingvokulturalogiya, semantika, milliy kod, zargarlik leksikasi.
PATRIOTIC IDEAS IN THE PROPAGANDA WORK OF THE KHOREZM PRESS DURING WORLD WAR II
This article examines the activities of the regional press—the newspapers Khorezm Khakikati and Khorezmskaya Pravda—during World War II. It analyzes materials on international politics, including coverage of the USSR-Germany pact, the opening of a second front, the surrender of Japan, and the creation of the UN. Particular attention is paid to patriotic education of the population through the publication of poems, articles, and images of historical figures such as Alisher Navoi and Jaloliddin Manguberdi. The role of the press as an important instrument of ideological influence and the formation of public consciousness during wartime is demonstrated.
World War II, Khorezm press, political propaganda, patriotism, front, historical figures, Navoi.
INTEGRATING SCAFFOLDING STRATEGIES INTO READING LESSONS FOR IMPROVED LANGUAGE OUTCOMES
This study investigates the integration of scaffolding strategies in English reading lessons to improve students’ reading comprehension and overall language outcomes. Scaffolding, grounded in Second Language Acquisition and Vygotsky’s socio-cultural theory, provides temporary support to learners that is gradually removed as competence develops. A quasi-experimental design was employed with 40 intermediate EFL learners divided into an experimental group, taught using scaffolded reading strategies, and a control group, taught through traditional methods. Data were collected through pre- and post-tests, classroom observations, and questionnaires. Findings reveal that scaffolding significantly enhances reading comprehension, vocabulary acquisition, and learner engagement. The study concludes that scaffolding is a highly effective pedagogical approach for fostering reading skills and recommends its systematic integration into EFL classrooms.
Scaffolding strategies, reading comprehension, EFL learners, vocabulary development, learner engagement, second language acquisition, language outcomes, instructional support, reading lessons.
INTERFERENCE IN THE USE OF PRONOUNS IN FOREIGN LANGUAGE LEARNING: TYPICAL STUDENT ERRORS AND THE INFLUENCE OF THE NATIVE LANGUAGE
The present article investigates the phenomenon of cross-linguistic interference in the domain of pronominal categories, drawing on material from the Russian, English, and Uzbek languages. It examines the typical grammatical and semantic errors committed by Uzbek-speaking students in the course of learning Russian and English as foreign languages — errors conditioned by the structural influence of the agglutinative Uzbek system upon the inflectional and analytical systems of the target languages. The article also offers methodological recommendations for mitigating interference in language teaching practice.
interference, pronouns, Russian, English, Uzbek, learner errors, foreign language acquisition, agglutination, inflection, linguistic typology.
A COGNITIVE-LINGUISTIC ANALYSIS OF WISH AND DESIRE CONCEPTS IN ENGLISH AND UZBEK LEXICAL SYSTEMS
The present study examines how the concepts of wish and desire are structured, categorized, and lexically expressed in English and Uzbek from a cognitive-linguistic perspective. We argue that the conceptualization of these volitional states is not universal but is shaped by the cultural and cognitive models embedded in each language. Drawing on prototype theory, conceptual metaphor theory, and the notion of radial categories, we analyze a set of lexical units — including wish, desire, hope, want, orzu, istak, umid, and armon — and trace the cognitive paths through which speakers of each language construct and communicate inner volitional experience. Our findings reveal that English organizes wish and desire around a relatively individualistic, achievement-oriented cognitive model. In contrast, Uzbek encodes these concepts through frameworks rooted in communal values, patience, and spiritual aspiration. These cross-linguistic differences carry meaningful implications for contrastive linguistics, cultural semantics, and the broader study of language and thought.
cognitive linguistics, conceptual metaphor, prototype theory, wish, desire, English, Uzbek, contrastive lexicology, volitional semantics.
TALABALARGA DIRIJORLIK SAN’ATINI O‘RGATISHNING O‘ZIGA XOS USLUBLARI
Mazkur maqolada talabalarga dirijorlik san’atini o‘rgatishning o‘ziga xos uslublari, pedagogik yondashuvlar va amaliy mashg‘ulotlarning ahamiyati yoritiladi. Dirijorlik mahoratini shakllantirishda nazariy bilimlar bilan bir qatorda amaliy tajribaning o‘rni, talabalar ijodiy fikrlashini rivojlantirish, musiqiy eshituv va ritm tuyg‘usini mustahkamlash masalalari tahlil etiladi. Shuningdek, individual va jamoaviy ishlash metodlari orqali bo‘lajak dirijorlarning kasbiy kompetensiyalarini rivojlantirish yo‘llari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Maqolada zamonaviy pedagogik texnologiyalar asosida samarali o‘qitish usullari bo‘yicha tavsiyalar berilgan.
dirijorlik san’ati, pedagogik uslublar, musiqa ta’limi, dirijorlik texnikasi, amaliy mashg‘ulotlar, ijodiy fikrlash, ritm tuyg‘usi, musiqiy eshituv, kasbiy kompetensiya, ta’lim metodlari
MARKAZIY OSIYODA QOZILIK TIZIMI: HUQUQ, MA’NAVIYAT VA BOSHQARUV UYG‘UNLIGINING TARIXIY MODELI
Mazkur maqolada Markaziy Osiyoda qozilar faoliyati tarixiy-manbashunoslik a tashkiliy-huquqiy boshqaruv nuqtayi nazaridan kompleks tarzda tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda qozilik instituti faqat sudlov tizimi elementi sifatida emas, balki jamiyatda huquqiy tartib, ijtimoiy barqarorlik a ma’naviy nazoratni ta’minlovchi muhim boshqaruv mexanizmi sifatida talqin etiladi. Xususan, Mirzo Abdulazim Somiyning “Tuhfayi shohiy” asari asosida qozilar faoliyatining real tarixiy muhitdagi aks etishi, ularning siyosiy jarayonlar, mulkiy munosabatlar a ijtimoiy nizolarni hal etishdagi o‘rni yoritiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, qozilar faoliyati huquqiy me’yorlar bilan bir qatorda axloqiy qadriy atlar, adolat, insof a jamoaviy manfaatlar asosida amalga oshirilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada mahalliy qo‘lyozma manbalar, aqf hujjatlari a tarixiy asarlarning qozilik institutini o‘rganishdagi manbashunoslik ahamiyati asoslab beriladi. Mazkur tadqiqot qozilar faoliyatini tarixiy-huquqiy boshqaruv modeli sifatida qayta talqin qilish orqali zamonaviy huquqiy madaniyat a boshqaruv etikasi uchun muhim nazariy xulosalar chiqarishga xizmat qiladi.
qozilar faoliyati, qozilik instituti, Tuhfayi shohiy, manbashunoslik, Buxoro amirligi, tarixiy manbalar, huquqiy boshqaruv, ijtimoiy adolat, aqf hujjatlari, boshqaruv madaniyati
TA’LIM TIZIMIDA BOSHQARUV MADANIYATINING INNOVATSION RIVOJLANISHNI SHAKLLANTIRISHDAGI STRATEGIK ROLI
Ushbu maqolada taʻlim tizimida boshqaruv madaniyatining innovatsion rivojlanishni shakllantirishdagi roli ilmiy-metodologik nuqtayi nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda boshqaruv madaniyati faqat tashkiliy faoliyat emas, balki maʻnaviy-aksiologik, strategik a innovatsion komponentlar uygʻunligi sifatida talqin etiladi. Rahbarlik faoliyatining samaradorligi uning strategik fkrlashi, liderlik salohiyati, boshqaruv etikasi a zamonaviy texnologiyalarni qoʻllash qobiliyati bilan bevosita bogʻliqligi asoslab beriladi. Maqo lada boshqaruv madaniyatini rivojlantirishning amaliy mexanizmlari, jumladan treninglar, seminarlar, simulyatsiyalar a tajriba almashinuvi dasturlarining ahamiyati ochib berilgan. Shuningdek, boshqaruv madaniyatini baholashda KPI koʻrsatkichlari, 360° feedback, monitoring tizimlari a jamoa muhitining indikatorlari muhim metodologik osita sifatida tahlil qilinadi. Natijalar shuni koʻrsatadiki, maʻnaviy qadriy atlarga asoslangan boshqaruv modeli taʻlim sifatini oshirish, jamoaviy muhitni mustahkamlash a innovat sion faoliyatni jadallashtirishda muhim rol oʻynaydi. Tadqiqot boshqaruv madaniyatini strategik rivojlanish omili sifatida qarash zarurligini ilmiy asoslaydi.
boshqaruv madaniyati, taʻlim menejmenti, innovatsion rivojlanish, liderlik, boshqaruv etikasi, KPI, 360° feedback, jamoa muhit, strategik rejalashtirish, raqamli texnologiyalar
TAʼLIM MUASSASALARIDA INSON RESURSLARINI BOSHQARISHNING MAʼNAVIY-AQSIOLOGIK ASOSLARI
Maqolada ta’lim muassasalarida inson resurslarini boshqarishning ma’naviy-aksiologik asoslari ilmiy metodologik nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqotda inson kapitali faqat iqtisodiy resurs sifatida emas, balki ma’naviy qadriyatlar tashuvchisi sifatida talqin qilinadi. Milliy a umuminsoniy qadriyatlarning integratsiyasi, boshqaruv jarayonida ularning o‘rni hamda ta’lim muhitiga ta’siri asoslab beriladi. Shuningdek, sistemali, kompetentlik a gumanistik yondashuvlarning inson resurslarini boshqarishdagi ahamiyati yoritiladi. Maqolada kadrlar tanlash, motivatsiya a rivojlantirish mexanizmlarining ma’naviy mezonlar bilan uyg‘unligi ochib berilgan. Raqamli texnologiyalar, jumladan LMS, VR/AR a Big Data ositalari orqali boshqaruv tizimini modernizatsiya qilish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Ayniqsa, maktabgacha ta’lim tizimida interaktiv a multimediaviy ositalar orqali ma’naviy tarbiyani samarali tashkil etish imkoniyatlari tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot natijalari shuni ko‘rsatadiki, ma’naviy qadriyatlarga asoslangan boshqaruv modeli ta’lim muassasalarida samaradorlikni oshirish, jamoaviy muhitni mustahkamlash a inson kapitalini rivojlantirishda muhim ahamiyat kasb etadi.
: inson resurslarini boshqarish, aksiologik yondashuv, milliy qadriyatlar, umuminsoniy qadriyatlar, ta’lim menejmenti, kompetentlik, gumanistik yondashuv, motivatsiya, raqamli texnologiyalar, LMS, VR/AR, Big Data, maktabgacha ta’lim, ma’naviy tarbiya
TILSHUNOSLIKDA FONOSTILISTIKANING TADQIQI
Mazkur maqolada fonostilistikaning tilshunoslikdagi o‘rni, uning shakllanish bosqichlari va nazariy asoslari keng yoritilgan. Fonostilistikaning mustaqil ilmiy yo‘nalish sifatida yuzaga kelishi XX asr lingvistik qarashlari, xususan, strukturaviy tilshunoslik rivoji bilan bog‘liqligi asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, mazkur sohaning rivojiga hissa qo‘shgan yirik olimlarning ilmiy qarashlari tahlil etilib, tovushlarning emotsional-ekspressiv, estetik va uslubiy imkoniyatlari ochib berilgan.
fonetik stilistika, lingvopoetika, ekspressivlik, alliteratsiya, assonans, segment, intonatsiya, nutq ohangi, fonostilistik norma, fonostilistik variant, psixolingvistika, kognitiv lingvistika
ДВОЙСТВЕННОСТЬ ХАРАКТЕРА И ПСИХОЛОГИЧЕСКИЕ КОНФЛИКТЫ В ПРОЗЕ И. А. КУПРИНА («ПОЕДИНОК», «ОЛЕСЯ»)
Статья посвящена комплексному анализу психологической проблематики прозы Ивана Куприна. Исследование сосредоточено на феномене двойственности характера и природе внутренних конфликтов в повестях «Поединок» и «Олеся». Рассматриваются способы художественного моделирования кризисных состояний личности, механизмы нравственного выбора, а также роль социальной и культурной среды. Особое внимание уделяется средствам психологизма, формирующим многомерность образов. Результаты исследования позволяют уточнить особенности поэтики Куприна и выявить закономерности развития внутреннего конфликта.
Куприн, психологизм, двойственность, внутренний конфликт, характер, личность, нравственный выбор, русская литература, анализ, герой
MOTIVATION TYPES AND FACTORS CONTRIBUTING TO LACK OF MOTIVATION IN PHRASEOLOGICAL UNITS
the analysis of phraseological units in language, focusing on the essential features, lack of motivation, and criteria of idiomaticity. Language, in its myriad expressions, is an intricate tapestry woven from a mosaic of words, phrases, and idiomatic constructions. Among these linguistic building blocks, phraseological units stand as fundamental elements, encapsulating rich layers of meaning and cultural significance. Understanding the essential features and nuances of these PUs is a captivating journey into the heart of language.
phraseology idioms, expressions, collocations, figurative language, fixed phrases, lexical chunks, language patterns
“TILAB JANNATNI O’TMON DO’ST KO’YIDA GADOLIG’DIN…”
Ushbu maqolada o’zbek mumtoz adabiyotining yorqin namoyondasi mutafakkir shoir Alisher Navoiyning badiiy-ma’rifiy g’azallaridan biri tahlil qilingan bo’lib, unda g’azal nasriy bayoni hamda sharhi berilgan.
She’riyat, ma’rifat, ta’rif, mumtoz adabiyot, badiiy-ma’rifiy g’azallar, zohiriy ma’no, mutafakkirlar, jannat, mohiyat, ko’ngil.
FRANSUZ VA INGLIZ TILLARIDA QO‘RQUV VA G‘AZABNI IFODALOVCHI LEKSIK BIRLIKLARNING QO’LLANILISHI
Mazkur maqolada fransuz va ingliz tillarida qo‘rquv va g‘azabni ifodalovchi leksik birliklarning semantik, pragmatik hamda lingvokulturologik xususiyatlarini qiyosiy nuqtai nazardan tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlanadi. Ishda ushbu emotsional holatlarni ifodalovchi so‘z va iboralarning nafaqat lug‘aviy ma’nosi, balki ularning nutq jarayonida qanday kontekstual rang-baranglik kasb etishi ham o‘rganiladi. Tadqiqot davomida aniqlanishicha, qo‘rquv va g‘azab kabi universal insoniy hissiyotlar har ikkala tilda umumiy semantik maydonga ega bo‘lsa-da, ularning ifodalanish usullari ko‘pincha madaniy kodlar, ijtimoiy me’yorlar va tarixiy tajribaga bog‘liq holda shakllanadi. Shuningdek, maqolada emotsional leksikaning intensivlik darajasi, stilistik bo‘yoqdorligi va kommunikativ vazifasi alohida e’tiborga olinadi. Ingliz tilida qisqa va dinamik ifodalar orqali hissiy holatni tez va aniq yetkazish tendensiyasi kuzatilsa, fransuz tilida emotsional holatlarni ifodalashda ekspressivlik va estetik ifoda vositalariga ko‘proq urg‘u berilishi aniqlanadi. Bundan tashqari, ayrim leksik birliklarning bevosita tarjima qilinmasligi, balki ma’no jihatidan yaqin variantlar orqali ifodalanishi ularning konseptual farqlarini ochib beradi.
qo‘rquv, g‘azab, emotsional leksika, leksik birliklar, semantik maydon, pragmatika, lingvokulturologiya, qiyosiy tahlil, ekspressivlik, intensivlik darajasi,
THE CONTENT AND STRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DETECTIVE DISCOURSE IN EDGAR ALLAN POE’S WORKS
This article examines the content and structural characteristics of detective discourse as manifested in Edgar Allan Poe’s foundational detective stories: “The Murders in the Rue Morgue”, “The Mystery of Marie Roget” , and “The Purloined Letter”. Drawing on discourse analysis frameworks developed by van Dijk, Todorov’s typology of detective fiction, and contemporary genre theory, the study investigates the dual narrative architecture, the epistemological function of detective reasoning, and the rhetorical strategies employed in the construction of mystery and resolution. The analysis reveals that Poe’s detective discourse is characterized by a binary narrative structure comprising the crime story and the investigation story, a highly rationalistic mode of address, and a strategic deployment of concealment and revelation. These features, argued to be the foundational architecture of the genre, continue to inform modern detective fiction. The findings contribute to both literary discourse analysis and genre theory.
detective discourse, discourse analysis, narrative structure, genre theory, analytical reasoning, crime fiction, epistemological narrative
NAY CHOLG‘USINING EVOLYUTSION TARAQQIYOTI
Mazkur maqolada o‘zbek milliy musiqa san’atining muhim puflama cholg‘ularidan biri — nayning kelib chiqishi, tarixiy taraqqiyoti, konstruktiv tuzilishi va ijrochilik xususiyatlari ilmiy jihatdan tahlil qilinadi. Shuningdek, nayning qadimgi davrdan to zamonaviy bosqichgacha bo‘lgan evolyutsiyasi, uning turli madaniyatlarda tutgan o‘rni hamda an’anaviy va akademik ijrochilik yo‘nalishlari o‘rganiladi.
nay, puflama cholg‘ular, maqom, ijrochilik, evolyutsiya, tembr, akustika.
NATIONAL CULTURAL VALUES AND METAPHOR: A COMPARATIVE COGNITIVE STUDY OF UZBEK AND ENGLISH
This study investigates the relationship between metaphor and national cultural values within the framework of cognitive linguistics. Drawing on Conceptual Metaphor Theory, the paper analyzes how metaphors in Uzbek and English encode cultural models, value systems, and collective experience. Using a comparative-analytical methodology, the research examines metaphorical expressions related to key conceptual domains such as time, work, and family. The findings reveal that while metaphor is grounded in universal cognitive mechanisms, its linguistic realization is strongly shaped by cultural, historical, and social contexts. The study contributes to intercultural communication, translation studies, and cognitive linguistics by demonstrating how metaphors function as carriers of cultural meaning.
metaphor, cognitive linguistics, cultural values, conceptual metaphor theory, Uzbek language, English language, intercultural communication
GENDER INFLUENCE ON LANGUAGE ACQUISITION: A LINGUISTIC PERSPECTIVE
Language acquisition is shaped by more than cognitive ability alone; it develops within a network of social and cultural influences. Among these, gender has attracted increasing attention as a factor that may affect how learners approach and use language. This article examines the role of gender in language acquisition from a linguistic perspective, focusing on learning strategies, communicative behavior, and classroom interaction. Drawing on insights from sociolinguistics and psycholinguistics, the paper highlights patterns that often emerge between male and female learners, while also emphasizing the variability within each group. The discussion suggests that gender should be understood not as a fixed determinant, but as a dynamic element that interacts with context, experience, and pedagogy.
gender, language acquisition, sociolinguistics, psycholinguistics, communication, learning strategies
ABDUVAHOB MADVALIYEV - ZAKIY LUG‘ATSHUNOS.
Mazkur maqolada izohli lug‘atlarda terminlarning leksikografik talqini masalasi ilmiy- nazariy jihatdan tahlil etadi. Muallif terminlarning lingvistik xususiyatlari, ularning umumxalq leksikasidan farqli jihatlari hamda izohli lug‘at tarkibidagi o‘rni va funksiyalarini asoslab beradi.
termin, izohli lug‘at, leksikografiya, semantika, til tizimi.
ҚОРАҚАЛПОҚ ЭТНОГРАФИК ФИЛЬМЛАРИНИНГ ВИЗУАЛ ВА АКУСТИК КОНЦЕПЦИЯСИ
Ушбу мақолада Қорақалпоқ кинорежиссёри Дамир Абдимураовнинг этнографик фильмлари — «Бесик» ва «Гештек» — визуал ва акустик жиҳатдан таҳлил қилинади. Фильмларда кадрлар, камера бурчлари ва овоз уйғунлиги режиссёрлик сценарийда аниқ белгилаб берилган бўлиб, миллий маданият ва фольклорни самарали намоён қилишга хизмат қилади. Мақолада шу фильмлар ўзбек этнографик кинолари билан солиштирилади, бу орқали Абдимураовнинг визуал ва акустик методлари миллий кино санъатидаги уникаллик сифатида намоён бўлади.
Этнографик кино, Дамир Абдимураов, «Бесик», «Гештек», визуал композиция, акустик муҳит, ўзбек этнографик киноси, миллий фольклор.
HUQUQIY JARAYONLARDA SHAXS XULQ-ATVORI VA PSIXOLOGIK OMILLAR YURIDIK PSIXOLOGIYANING METODOLOGIYASI VA ZAMONAVIY MUAMMOLARI
Maqolada huquqiy jarayonlarda shaxs xulq-atvori va unga ta’sir etuvchi psixologik omillar yuridik psixologiya nuqtayi nazaridan kompleks tarzda tahlil qilinadi. Tadqiqot doirasida sud jarayonlarida ishtirok etuvchi shaxslar - jinoyatchilar, jabrlanuvchilar, guvohlar hamda huquqni muhofaza qiluvchi organlar vakillarining psixologik xususiyatlari o‘rganiladi. Shuningdek, yuridik psixologiyaning metodologik asoslari, jumladan, eksperimental tadqiqotlar, psixodiagnostik usullar, so‘rovnoma va kuzatuv metodlarining amaliy qo‘llanilishi yoritib beriladi. Maqolada inson xulq-atvorini baholashda psixologik omillarning roli, ularning huquqiy qarorlar qabul qilish jarayoniga ta’siri ham tahlil qilinadi. Bundan tashqari, yuridik psixologiya fanining hozirgi bosqichdagi dolzarb muammolari, xususan, jinoyatchilik motivlarini chuqur anglash, sud-psixologik ekspertiza sifatini oshirish va huquqiy jarayonlarda psixologik yondashuvlarni takomillashtirish masalalari ko‘rib chiqiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari yuridik psixologiya sohasida ilmiy yondashuvlarni rivojlantirish va amaliy faoliyat samaradorligini oshirishga xizmat qiladi.
yuridik psixologiya, huquqiy jarayon, shaxs xulq-atvori, psixologik omillar, sud-psixologik ekspertiza, tadqiqot metodlari, psixodiagnostika, jinoyatchilik motivlari, guvoh psixologiyasi, jabrlanuvchi psixologiyasi, huquqiy qarorlar, metodologiya
THE CREATIVE ACTIVITY OF DUBBING DIRECTOR TALASBAY ABDIREYMOV AND HIS ROLE IN THE ART OF DUBBING
This article examines the development of dubbing in the Karakalpak film industry, focusing on the creative work of director Talasbay Abdireymov. It analyzes his role in adapting films into the native language, his innovative techniques in lip synchronization and sound recording, and the collaborative nature of dubbing production. The study provides a technical and artistic assessment of traditional dubbing processes and evaluates Abdireymov’s lasting influence on Karakalpak cinema.
dubbing, film studio, translation, sound recording, lip synchronization, montage, director, Qaraqalpaqfilm, Talasbay Abdireymov
FROM COSMIC ORDER TO INNER REALITY: THE UNDERWORLD AS A MODEL OF MODERN SUBJECTIVITY
This article examines the transformation of the concept of the underworld from an element of ancient cosmic order into a model of modern subjectivity. Drawing on mythological traditions such as Hades, Duat, and Hel, as well as psychological theories developed by Sigmund Freud and Carl Jung, the study explores how the underworld has shifted from an external metaphysical space to an internal psychological reality. The article argues that this transformation reflects a broader shift in human self-understanding, where symbolic descent into the underworld corresponds to processes of confronting the unconscious, integrating the shadow, and forming modern identity. The underworld is thus reinterpreted as a metaphorical structure through which the complexities of contemporary subjectivity can be understood.
Underworld; modern subjectivity; ancient cosmology; comparative mythology; psychoanalysis; Sigmund Freud; Carl Jung; unconscious mind; symbolic descent; archetypes; shadow integration; mythological transformation
1946–1960-YILLARDA OʻZBEKISTONDA POYAFZAL SANOATINING TIKLANISHI VA RIVOJLANISH OMILLARI
Mazkur maqola 1946–1960-yillar oralig‘ida O‘zbekiston SSR hududida poyafzal sanoatining tiklanishi va rivojlanish jarayonlarini kompleks ilmiy yondashuv asosida tahlil qilishga bag‘ishlangan. Tadqiqotda urushdan keyingi davrda iqtisodiy tizimning qayta shakllanishi, sanoat tarmoqlarining tiklanish mexanizmlari hamda yengil sanoatning muhim segmentlaridan biri bo‘lgan poyafzal ishlab chiqarish sohasining o‘ziga xos rivojlanish xususiyatlari chuqur o‘rganilgan. Maqolada poyafzal sanoatining rivojlanishi ko‘p omilli tizim sifatida qaralib, uning shakllanishiga ta’sir etuvchi asosiy determinantlar — davlat iqtisodiy siyosati, xomashyo bazasi, texnologik modernizatsiya, mehnat resurslari va hududiy ixtisoslashuv omillari tizimli ravishda tahlil qilingan. Ayniqsa, markazlashgan reja iqtisodiyoti sharoitida sanoat rivojlanishining o‘ziga xos mexanizmlari ochib berilgan hamda ushbu tizimning afzalliklari va cheklovlari ilmiy asosda baholangan. Tadqiqot davomida poyafzal sanoatining tiklanishi bosqichma-bosqich jarayon sifatida ko‘rib chiqilib, dastlab tiklanish, so‘ngra kengayish va nihoyat sifat jihatdan rivojlanish bosqichlari ajratib ko‘rsatilgan. Ushbu bosqichlar o‘zaro uzviy bog‘liq holda sanoatning barqaror rivojlanishini ta’minlaganligi ilmiy jihatdan asoslab berilgan. Shuningdek, maqolada ishlab chiqarish jarayonlarining mexanizatsiyalashuvi, standartlashtirish tizimining joriy etilishi va ishlab chiqarish samaradorligining oshishi kabi texnologik omillar tahlil qilingan. Inson kapitalining roli, xususan malakali kadrlar tayyorlash tizimining rivojlanishi sanoat taraqqiyotining muhim sharti sifatida yoritilgan. Mazkur tadqiqot natijalari poyafzal sanoatining rivojlanishini iqtisodiy tizimning tarkibiy transformatsiyasi bilan bog‘liq holda tushuntirish imkonini beradi. Shu bilan birga, ushbu tarixiy tajriba zamonaviy yengil sanoatni rivojlantirishda muhim nazariy va amaliy ahamiyat kasb etishi asoslab berilgan.
poyafzal sanoati, yengil sanoat, industrializatsiya, iqtisodiy tiklanish, reja iqtisodiyoti, texnologik modernizatsiya, xomashyo bazasi, mehnat resurslari, ishlab chiqarish samaradorligi, sanoat rivoji.
SALJUQIYLAR DAVLATI TASHKIL TOPISHINING TARIXIY SHART-SHAROITLARI
Ushbu maqolada Saljuqiylar davlatining tashkil topishiga olib kelgan tarixiy shart-sharoitlar tahlil qilingan. Asosiy e’tibor XI asr boshlarida Markaziy Osiyo va Yaqin Sharq hududlarida yuzaga kelgan siyosiy beqarorlik hamda markazlashgan davlatlarning zaiflashuviga qaratilgan. Shu jarayonda siyosiy maydonda yuzaga kelgan bo‘shliq yangi kuchlarning shakllanishi uchun qulay sharoit yaratgani ko‘rsatib berilgan.Maqolada o‘g‘uz turk qabilalarining ijtimoiy tuzilishi,tarixiy ildizlari, ularning harbiy kuchi va ko‘chmanchi hayot tarzi Saljuqiylar davlatining vujudga kelishida muhim omil bo‘lgani yoritilgan. Shuningdek, sulola asoschisi Saljuq ibn Taqoq faoliyati va uning avlodlari tomonidan olib borilgan siyosiy kurashlar tahlil qilingan. Alohida e’tibor sulola asoschilari Tog’rulbek va Chag’ribek Dovud faoliyati hamda, Dandanoqon jangiga qaratilib, ushbu jang natijasida Saljuqiylarning G‘aznaviylar ustidan g‘alaba qozonib, mustaqil davlat sifatida shakllanishi asoslab berilgan. Yakunda esa Saljuqiylar davlatining tashkil topishi ichki va tashqi omillarning o‘zaro bog‘liqligi natijasi ekanligi xulosa qilingan.
Saljuqiylar davlati, o‘g‘uz qabilalari,Xazar xoqonligi,Saljuq ibn Taqoq, To'gʻrilbek, Chag'ribek, Dandanoqon jangi, G‘aznaviylar davlati, Markaziy Osiyo, Yaqin Sharq, siyosiy beqarorlik, davlatning tashkil topishi, ko‘chmanchi jamiyat, harbiy kuch, tarixiy shart-sharoitlar.
JADID MA’RIFATPARVARLARI TA’LIMIY QARASHLARI ASOSIDA TALABALARDA MILLIY IDENTITETNI RIVOJLANTIRISH DOLZARB PEDAGOGIK MUAMMO SIFATIDA
Ushbu maqola talabalarda milliy identitetni rivojlantirishning pedagogik asoslarini, xususan, jadid ma'rifatparvarlari ta'limiy qarashlari asosida modelini yaratishdan iborat.
milliy identitet, kognitiv, hissiy-emotsional va xulq-atvor, kontseptual-metodologik blok, mazmunli-protsessual blok va natija-diagnostik blok, etnopediagogik tavsif.
Sharofiddinov Maxmudjon Mashrabjon o‘g‘li
FATIK NUTQIY AKTLAR VA ULARNING INGLIZ VA O‘ZBEK TILLARIDA LINGVOKULTUROLOGIK TASNIFLANISHI
Ushbu maqola fatik nutqiy aktlarning turlari va ularning qo’llanilish jihatlari haqida so‘z yuritilgan bo‘lib, uning suhbat ishtirokchilariga bog’liqligi haqida fikr yuritiladi. Shuningdek, maqola fatik nutqiy muloqotlarning ingliz va o’zbek tillaridagi misollar bilam boyitilgan
fatik nutiqy akt, suhbat, hurmat, odob-axloq, nutqiy vaziyat, fatik belgi.
CONCEPTUAL FEATURES OF LINGUISTIC MEANS REALIZING THE CONCEPTS OF “PROFESSION” AND “POSITION/STATUS”
This article analyzes the linguistic representation of the concepts of “profession” and “position/status” from cognitive, semantic, and linguocultural perspectives. The study identifies the national and universal features of these concepts, as well as the linguistic means that realize them and their underlying cognitive models. Furthermore, the applied and cultural nature of the “profession” concept and the hierarchical and metaphorical characteristics of the “position/status” concept are elucidated through comparative analysis. The findings demonstrate that these concepts possess a multilayered structure and reflect the intrinsic interconnection between language, thought, and culture.
profession concept, position/status concept, concept, cognitive linguistics, linguoculturology, semantic analysis, linguistic means, phraseological units, metaphor, cognitive model, conceptual system, derivational forms.
CONCEPTUALIZING ANGER ACROSS LANGUAGES: A CORPUS-BASED COGNITIVE AND CULTURAL ANALYSIS OF ENGLISH, RUSSIAN, AND UZBEK
This study explores the metaphorical conceptualization of anger in English, Russian, and Uzbek within the framework of Cognitive Linguistics and Conceptual Metaphor Theory. By combining qualitative metaphor analysis with corpus-informed frequency data, the research identifies dominant conceptual metaphors and examines their cross-linguistic variation. Results show that anger is primarily structured through HEAT, PRESSURE, ANIMALITY, and CONFLICT domains. While these metaphors appear universally, their frequency and pragmatic distribution differ significantly across languages, reflecting culturally embedded cognitive patterns. The study contributes to metaphor theory by incorporating Uzbek as an underrepresented language and by strengthening the empirical basis of cross-linguistic cognitive research.
anger; conceptual metaphor; cognitive linguistics; corpus linguistics; cross-linguistic analysis; Uzbek language